This
technique is based on the unique moderating effect that hydrogen atoms
have on the energy level of neutrons. Simply put - a source of high
energy neutrons is placed against the vessel. Hydrogen atoms inside
moderate these to low energy or thermal neutrons which can be readily measured
with sensitive detectors.
Exploiting this property is extremely useful in that access need only be to one side of the vessel. This makes it very quick. It is also accurate with a tolerance typically ±1 inch. The neutron backscatter technique not only determines liquid/vapor and solid vapor interfaces, but also in some instances, successfully locates liquid/liquid and liquid/solid interfaces. Typical applications include:
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